Characteristics of Abusers/Abuse and Causes
 
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One thing that appears to be a very important step in a victim's recovery process and recovery of self-esteem is understanding why. Victims are often made to feel that the abuse is their fault - the abuser refuses to take any blame for the abuser's own behavior, and sometimes even friends or family may accuse the victim of being "just too sensitive". As a result, a victim's self-esteem and even very identity is lost or shattered; the victim doubts their own feelings and their worth as a human being. It's important for the victim to understand that ithe abuse is NOT the victim's fault, and that abusers often share certain characteristics, disorders, or behavioral traits that are not attributable to the victim in any way.

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Information contained on This Page

Some Statistics

Why Batterers Do What They Do

Denial: It's not de long river in Egypt

Child Abuse

Characteristics of Abusers

Personality Disorders

Abuse in Relationships - It's All About Trying to Control

Characteristics of Batterers

 

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Some Statistics

fuschiarose.png 92% of physical abusers are men. However, women can also be the perpetrators of domestic violence.

orangerrose1.png About 75% of stalkers are men stalking women. But stalkers can also be women stalking men, men stalking men, or women stalking women.

fuschiarose.png Domestic abuse knows no age or ethnic boundaries.

orangerrose1.png Domestic abuse can occur during a relationship or after a relationship has ended.

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Child Abuse

What are the causes of child abuse? Why would someone abuse a child? What kind of person abuses a child? Not all abuse is deliberate or intended. Several factors in a person's life may combine to move them toward abusing a child: general stress; the stress of having children in the family, when one didn't have children before; dealing with a child who has a disability or difficult behaviors; the stress of caring for someone besides oneself; a personal history of being abused (childhood trauma); alcohol or drug use; marital conflict; unemployment.

No one has been able to predict which of these factors will cause someone to abuse a child. A significant factor is that abuse tends to be intergenerational - those who were abused as children are more likely to repeat the act when they become parents or caretakers.

In addition, many forms of abuse arise from ignorance, isolation, or benign neglect. Sometimes a cultural tradition leads to abuse, for example, such beliefs as: children are property; parents (especially males) have the right to control their children in any way they wish; children need to be toughened up to face the hardships of life; girls need to be genitally mutilated to assure virginity and later marriage.

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Abuse in Relationships - It's All About Trying to Control

Ironically, many batterers do not see themselves as perpetrators, but as victims. This reasoning is common among batterers and abusers. Most batterers enter treatment programs heavily armored with elaborate denial systems designed to justify or excuse their actions; many non-physical (verbal/emotional) abusers never admit their abusive behavior.

It's all about control. There are varying theories about what makes batterers use abuse on those closest to them. One view is that batterers are hardened criminals who commit their crimes in a conscious, calculated manner to achieve the dominance they believe men are entitled to. Others believe abuse is the product of deep psychological and developmental scars, which are not gender specific. Experts have reached a conensus on several common characteristics among batterers -- they are controlling, manipulative, often see themselves as victims and believe that men have a pre-ordained right to be in charge of all aspects of a relationship.

One batterer who has now gone through treatment, says "the beatings, the verbal abuse and the intimidation were all about control. It was like having a new toy," he said. "I had the buttons and I could make her do whatever I wanted. I was trying to intimidate her. I wanted to control her for the simple reason that I knew I could do it. It made me feel powerful."

The issues of power and control are essential to an understanding of Domestic Violence. Domestic Abuse occurs in relationships where conflict is the continuous result of power inequality between the partners and one partner is afraid of, and harmed by the other.

Although it can vary from case to case, and doesn't take into account other forms of domestic abuse, the "Cycle of Violence" can be used as a model for understanding violent behavior. This cycle and its phases briefly are:

  • Build-Up Phase - The tension builds.
  • Stand-Over Phase - Verbal attacks increase.
  • Explosion Phase - A violent outburst occurs.
  • Remorse Phase - You shouldn't have pushed me, it was your fault!
  • Pursuit Phase - It will never happen again, I promise.
  • Honeymoon Phase - See, we don't have any problems!

This cycle concerns actual physical abuse. It does not take into account other forms of domestic abuse that are used to control, such as sexual abuse, verbal abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, spiritual abuse, economic abuse and social abuse. However, the cycle may sometimes also be applied to verbal/ emotional/psychological abuse as well.

Getting Help

There are resources available for batterers, but generally speaking many only seek help when ordered by the courts to do so, and most states spend no tax dollars on treatment for batterers, usually offering only incarceration in jail or prison as a solution. Putting the abuser in jail will stop the violence, but usually only temporarily since no treatment is available. The problem is, involvement of the police and incarceration can actually trigger greater violence in some cases.

The threat of physical harm plus the economic and physical isolation they usually find themselves in makes getting help even more difficult for the victims of domestic abuse. Simply leaving can provoke more and greater violence. This often leaves victims feeling trapped and helpless.

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 Why Batterers Do What They Do

Many see themselves as victims, but for most it's an issue of control

By Bill Ibelle, Standard-Times staff writer

A little more than a year ago Harold, a 35-year-old accounting technician, jammed a pork chop into his wife's face as he sneered ``You disgust me.''

He never imagined the incident would lead to his arrest.

``It was a minor incident compared to the abuse I had done in the past,'' he said. ``I realize now that no abuse is minor, but then....''

The arrest didn't occur immediately. Over that weekend, Harold (not his real name) continued to berate his wife, silencing her with threats of additional violence.

``It was like terrorism in the home,'' he said.

On Sunday, terrified by the torrent of abuse, Harold's wife called the police. The cut on her face from the pork chop bone two days earlier was still visible, and that's all the police needed to make the arrest.

Harold received a six-month suspended sentence with the condition that he complete a batterers treatment program. He entered that program convinced he was a victim - a victim of an overzealous judicial system and of an overwrought wife.

In spite of the years of abuse, Harold didn't consider himself a batterer. In fact, he thought of batterers as the scum of the earth.

``Prior to recognizing my problem, I'd hear about abuse and think, `How can these guys do that - they're just a bunch of punks,' '' he said. ``I thought they had a big problem, but never once thought I had a problem too. Mine was just an incident. I wasn't an abuser.''

Experts say this type of convoluted reasoning is common among batterers. Most enter treatment programs heavily armored with elaborate denial systems designed to justify or excuse their actions.

Yet, these are the same men who beat their wives in front ofthe children, abuse them because of a cold cup of coffee, isolate them from friends and insult them so relentlessly that they begin to believe they are, indeed, unworthy.

There are varying theories about what makes batterers tick.

One school of thought - the one that is in vogue at the moment - views batterers as hardened criminals who commit their crimes in a conscious, calculated manner to achieve the dominance they believe men are entitled to.

The other faction - while conceding this is a piece of the battering puzzle - believes abuse is the product of deep psychological and developmental scars.

Despite this fundamental disagreement, experts have reached a consensus on several common characteristics among batterers - they are controlling, manipulative, often see themselves as victims and believe that men have a pre-ordained right to be in charge of all aspects of a relationship.

``To me, it was my way or the highway,'' said Harold. ``(My wife) couldn't even decide for herself what to cook for dinner. She'd have to call me at work each day to ask me what I wanted to eat that night.''

Complete control is so central to the self-image of many batterers that even minor transgressions can trigger brutal abuse.

``It could be as small as not looking the way I wanted her to look,'' said Harold. ``It wasn't that she looked bad, it's just that it wasn't the way I wanted it to be.''

Treatment professionals agree that battering is largely a learned behavior. According to a recent survey of men in Maryland treatment programs, 75 percent of the batterers had witnessed abuse between their parents and half had experienced abuse themselves as children.

``The message these men have gotten is that they have to keep women down because if they don't, women will try to control them,'' said David Adams, a Boston-based psychologist and pioneer in the field of batterer treatment. ``Women are bitches, women are emotionally overwrought, women are irrational, women are sluts.''

To many of these men, it is a woman's duty to see to their every emotional and physical need. And when this doesn't happen - watch out.

Because most batterers grew up in environments where abuse was the norm, many batterers have no idea how their behavior affects others.

``I never realized that what I did and said had a long-term effect on her,'' said Harold of his years of physical and psychological abuse. ``I assumed I could just say and do these things to hurt her for the moment and then it just went away.''

As a result, treatment programs devote a great deal of time to driving home this point.

``When the father throws a plate of food at the mother, what does this do to a 3-year-old, to a 10-year-old, to a teen-ager just starting to have relationships themselves?'' said John Raposa, a counselor at the Portuguese Youth Cultural Organization (PYCO) in Fall River. ``How about when the father bangs a wall and the message is clear that this could be your head? Or when the father looks at his wife and that look alone is enough to make her shut up. What does this teach the kids?''

Batterers justify their violence and intimidation in a variety of ways. Some blame their abuse on booze or on their lousy childhood. Others deny it ever happened or minimize the incident to the point where it barely qualifies as abuse at all.

``I remember one guy who came in here insisting that his partner had accidentally fallen through a window when, in fact, he had stabbed her several times in the legs,'' said Allen Silvia, another counselor at PYCO. ``Another said his wife called to 911 by mistake - that she was trying to call her sister and dialed the wrong number.''

Patricia Holland-Heaps, co-director of the Center for Non-Violence in New Bedford, described an interview with the owner of a local construction company who insisted, rather convincingly, that he never laid a hand on his wife. Ms. Heaps then pulled out a copy of a police report indicating his wife had a broken nose and two black eyes - the result of a beating with the telephone receiver when she tried to call for help.

The fight erupted because dinner wasn't ready when the man arrived home from work.

Experts say many men relentlessly denigrate their partners to justify their abuse. Maybe he saw her laughing with another man at a party so he beats her for being a slut; or she came home drunk so he beats her for being a tramp; or maybe she didn't clean the house properly so he beats her for being a lousy wife and mother. In any case, the beating is for her own good - to make her shape up and fly right.

Like Harold, many men justify their violence by portraying themselves as the victim. Their partner ``pushed their buttons'' and therefore is responsible for her injuries because she goaded him into it.

The current rage among batterers is the ``O.J. defense'' - they didn't do anything so terribly wrong and the only reason they were arrested is that O.J. Simpson has turned society against men.

Whatever the justification, most batterers truly don't view themselves as the bad guy.

``They'll go rescue a woman in a bar who's being hassled by some guy and then go home and beat up their wife,'' said Beth Gerhardt, director of the Respect program in Attleboro and Taunton. ``A lot of the men are genuinely shocked when they're arrested. It's rare that someone comes into the group horrified at what they did.''

Another favorite excuse is that they ``lost control.'' The man claims to be cursed with a hair-trigger temper and insists his partner should have known better than to contradict him when he was angry.

``When they tell me they were out of control, I ask them if they've ever argued with their boss,'' said Ms. Gerhardt. ``They say `Sure.' So I ask them whether they've ever hit their boss. They say `Of course not.' ''

Claude Verdier, director of batterers' treatment at the Family Services Association of Fall River, uses another example to illustrate a similar point.

``Anger is not an excuse because anger itself, does not necessarily lead to violence,'' he said. ``Martin Luther King was an angry man, but he channeled that anger into fighting injustice. I use that example a lot.''

Because most men are very much in control, they often present a very different face to the community than they do at home.

``If they were sitting in the room with us right now, there'd be no way for us to detect that they had any problem at home,'' said Mr. Verdier. ``The idea that there's a type of man who batters just perpetuates the myth that this is a problem of the underclass. They're ministers and judges and lawyers and even therapists. No one's immune to it.''

According to David Adams of Emerge in Boston, batterers are often very respectable, even charming people. Studies have shown that domestic violence is found at all levels of society - from the crowded tenements to leafy suburbs; from barrooms to board rooms.

 

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Characteristics of Abusers

Abusers are Often Blind to Their Abusive Behavior

 

If people, in relationships believe that they are entitled to give orders--that it is their right--they don’t necessarily think that ordering their mate around is abusive. They usually think that their assumed rights, prerogatives and privileges make this kind of behavior okay. They are then blind to their abusive behavior.

 

Similarly, they may think that they have a right to put down their partner, or to tell their partner what s/he’s thinking, meaning, and so forth. They might think they are entitled to act the way they do because of their age, because they’ve been around the place longer, are of a superior gender or race, or because they make more money than their mate. Their sense of entitlement blinds them to their abusive behavior.

The abuser may think verbal and/or physical abuse—acts against their mate—are justified because their mate “makes them do it.” Many people who batter both verbally and physically and who are jailed as a consequence, believe it is their mate’s fault—as if their mate did the verbal and physical battering. This “crazy” thinking blinds them to their abusive behavior.

The abuser may hold a belief in the right of one person to wield power over another person. This belief blinds abusers to their abusive behavior. 

People who indulge in verbal abuse are also blinded to their abusive behavior when they are lacking in the ability to acknowledge and accept their mate’s feelings, interests, talents, perspectives and opinions. This inability to acknowledge others' feelings may sometimes be as a result of a personality disorder or even a result of childhood abuse that the abuser has experienced.

 

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 Characteristics of Batterers

Have low self esteem.
Even though a lot of batterers might appear to be 'tough", "strong", and "confident", more often than not they really suffer from low self-esteem. They may feel that they fall short in the area of their own sex stereotype and so they overcompensate with hyper-masculinity. If they are emotionally "needy", and they have become dependent on their partner, the thought of losing that partner feels threatening and thus behaviors of controlling and jealousy follow.

Rush in to relationships
Many victims dated or knew their abuser for less than six months before they were engaged or living together. Abusers can come on like a whirl-wind claiming "love at first sight", and using flattery such as "you are the only person I could ever talk to", "I have never felt loved like this by anyone". They may need someone desperately, and will pressure the other partner to commit to a relationship before they are truely ready.

Are excessively jealous
An abuser will always say that jealousy is a sign of love. Jealousy has nothing to do with love; it's a sign of possessiveness and lack of trust. In a healthy relationship, the partners trust each other unless one of them has legitimately done something to break that trust.

Exhibit controlling behavior
Often at the beginning, a batterer will say that this behavior is because they are concerned for your safety, a need for you to use time well or to make good decisions. Abusers will be angry if you are "late" coming back from the store or an appointment; you will be questioned closely about where you went, who you talked to. At this behavior gets worse, the abuser may not let you make personal decisions about the house, your clothing, or going to church. They may keep all the money; or may make you ask permission to leave the house or room.

Have unrealistic expectations or demands
Abusive people will expect their partner to meet all their needs: the perfect partner, lover, and friend. They say things like "if you love me, I'm all you need and you are all I need". They may expect you to take care of everything for them; emotionally, physically, and sometimes economically. However, this is not natural or healthy in a relationship. Instead, partners in healthy relationships encourage each other to pursue their dreams, to have friends and interests outside of the relationship and take pride in their partner in these things.

Use isolation to keep you centered on them
The abusive person tries to cut the partner off from all resources. If you have same-sex friends, you are a "whore", a "slut" or "cheating". If you are close to family, you are "tied to the apron strings". The abuser will accuses people who are supportive of causing trouble, and may restrict use of the phone. They will gradually isolate you from all of your friends. They may not let you use a car (or have one that is reliable), and may try to keep you from working or going to school. Some abusers will try to get you into legal trouble so that you are afraid to drive or go out.

Believe in male supremacy and the stereotyped masculine role in the family.
Batterers are often obsessive about appearing to the "the man of the house" and they tend to hold very high and rigid rules about how they get act because they are "the man" - often leading them to feel the need to dominate and control and to expect their word and their needs to be catered to at all times, including in the bedroom. The abuser sees you as unintelligent, inferior, responsible for menial tasks, and less than whole without the relationship. They will often tell you that no one else would want you or that you are nothing without them. They will remind you of their "provider role" - everything they have done for you.

Use of force during sex
This kind of person may like to act out fantasies where the partner is helpless. They let you know that the idea of rape is exciting. They may show little concern about whether you wants to have sex, and use sulking or anger to manipulate you. They may start having sex with you while you are sleeping, or demand sex when you are ill or tired. They may want to "make up" by having sex after they have just been physically or verbally abusive to you.

Have poor communication skills
Some people talk with their words, while others talk with their fists (actions). Batterers typically have trouble with discussing "feelings", especially very strong ones like anger or frustration. Some may feel that "having feelings" and talking out problems goes against the sterotyped male role that they have bought into (see above). Without the skills or self-permission to express themselves in constructive ways (ie in a way that feels uncomfortable or where they feel inadequate), they often lash out with violence.

Use drinking and battering to cope with stress.
Batterers in general have a higher incident of drug and alcohol abuse than non-batterers. This doesn't mean that drugs or alcohol CAUSE the abuse, rather it lowers inhibitions making an already frustrated and violence-prone person more likely to fall back on violence as a crutch, especially when confronted with their lack of communication skills and any feelings of inadequacy.

Blame others for their actions
Commonly, batterers use the actions of others as excuses for their own behavior. They blame the person who made them angry, as if that person were pushing some magic button that released violent behavior. How often have victims heard "why did you make me do that"? If your partner is chronically unemployed, someone is always doing them wrong or is out to get them. They may make mistakes and then blame you for upsetting them so that they can't concentrate on their work. They may tell you that YOU are at fault for almost anything that goes wrong. Abusive people will might say, "you made me mad" and "I can't help being angry". Although they actually make the decision about how they think or feel, they will use feelings to manipulate you. Abusers see themselves as the "victim" in the relationship, and do not take responsibility for their own feelings or behaviors.

Are prone to hypersensativity
Abusers are easily insulted, and may take the slightest setback as a personal attack. They will rant and rave about the injustice of things that are really just a part of living, such as having to get up for work, getting a traffic ticket, or being asked to help with chores.

Present dual personalities
Often the most frustrating thing for the victim, many batterers are excellent actors. They may appear to function well at work, with friends and family, etc. Sometimes only the battered spouse is aware of the true "nature of the beast". This often makes it difficult for a victim to reach out for support from friends and family, because those persons may try to talk the victim out of thinking that their spouse is a batterer. Often a victims friends and family will go on and on about "what a great guy you've got there" - because the batterer has successfully hidden their violence at home. It's even MORE frustrating for the victim when members of their support system try to turn the tables and say things like "well, just don't make him mad". They're putting the blame on the VICTIM and not on the offender where it belongs! When this happens, the violent partner gets backup from the very people the victim NEEDS for support and they too fall into the trap of myths about the nature and causes of family violence!

Exhibit cruelty to animals or children
This is a person who punishes animals brutally or is insensitive to their pain. They may expect children to be capable of things beyond their ability. They may tease children and younger brothers and sisters until they cry. They may be very critical of other people's children or any children you bring into the relationship. Your partner may threaten to prevent you from seeing children you have no biological rights to, or punish children to get even with you. About 60% of people who beat their partner also beat their children. Of course the OPPOSITE of this can be true also. Abused women often say that they stay "for the sake of the kids, because he's a great father to them." Unfortunately, one parent abusing another is one of the greatest risk factors for child abuse as well as for children to sink into depression, anxiety disorders and other mental and physical illnesses. Abuse also models the role of violence to the children as THEY grow up and into relationships of their own.

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The following is adapted from Blain Nelson’s article
Denial: It's not de long river in Egypt. Revision 15:32:03, 3 August 1998

http://www.blainn.cc/abuse/denial.htm


DENIAL
Denial at it's most basic is saying something hasn't happened. It is extremely sick, and extremely powerful. It is the way that we can commit abuse and still live with ourselves. It allows us to continue being abusive by staying in the sick place, and by allowing us to hide our sickness from others so that we can maintain the abusive situation for a longer period of time.
 
We lie to others, and most devastatingly, we lie to ourselves.The major tactics we use in maintaining our denial are minimizing, rationalizing, and justifying. The effect of these tactics is to redefine what happened, what is acceptable, and what is harmful in such a way that ultimately any act, no matter how hideous, can be carried out.
 
Minimizing
Minimizing distances us from the damage we caused by claiming that the damage wasn't as bad as it actually was. "I didn't beat her up, I just pushed her." By minimizing the damage we have caused, we can then blame the victim for "exaggerating" the abuse or accuse the victim of simply making the whole thing up, depending on the nature of the evidence we face. If there is enough evidence to prove that we have done something wrong, we can use partial repentance: "I'll accept the responsibility of anything you can prove I did, and nothing more."
 
Rationalizing
Rationalizing is lying to oneself about what was done to make it seem acceptable -- telling ourselves rational (sounding) lies if you will. "She's lucky I only hit her once. Anybody else would have beaten the crap out of her." This lying becomes more and more practiced until we can convince ourselves of anything -- particularly when the pain of admitting the truth of what we've done becomes larger and harder to deal with.
 
Justifying
Justifying is explaining why it was okay to do what was done. "It was okay for me to tell her that I would kill her (justifying) because she was becoming so upset and she had to shut up before she disturbed the neighbors (rationalizing) and I didn't really mean it anyway (minimizing). She knows I could never hurt her."
 
The Cure
The only cure for denial is for us to give up the charade and the lies and admit to ourselves the reality of what we have done. Others can not force an end to our denial. However, the use of truth, honesty, and holding us accountable for our actions can go a long way in helping us move from denial to recovery.

 

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Personality Disorders

 

There are also certain Borderline Personality Disorders that are common among abusers. Following is a brief synopsis of soem of these disorders. It is estimated that approximately 2% of the general population suffer from some type of Borderline Personality Disorder.

 

A personality disorder is a pattern of deviant or abnormal behavior that the person doesn't change even though it causes emotional upsets and trouble with other people at work and in personal relationships. It is not limited to episodes of mental illness, and it is not caused by drug or alcohol use, head injury, or illness. There are about a dozen different behavior patterns classified as personality disorders by DSM-IV. All the personality disorders show up as deviations from normal in one or more of the following:

(1) cognition -- i.e., perception, thinking, and interpretation of oneself, other people, and events;
(2) affectivity -- i.e., emotional responses (range, intensity, lability, appropriateness);
(3) interpersonal functions;
(4) impulsivity.

Narcissitic Personality Disorder. Nearly everyone has some narcissistic traits. It's possible to be arrogant, selfish, conceited, or out of touch without being a narcissist. The practical test is that with normal people, no matter how difficult, you can get some improvements, at least temporarily, by saying, essentially, "Please have a heart." This doesn't work with narcissists; in fact, it usually makes things worse.

What is a Personality Disorder?
Those who struggle with a personality disorder have great difficulty dealing with other people. They tend to be inflexible, rigid, and unable to respond to the changes and demands of life. Although they feel that their behavior patterns are “normal” or “right,” people with personality disorders tend to have a narrow view of the world and find it difficult to participate in social activities.

Recognizing a Personality Disorder
A personality disorder must fulfill several criteria. A deeply ingrained, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and thinking serious enough to cause distress or impaired functioning is a personality disorder. Personality disorders are usually recognizable by adolescence or earlier, continue throughout adulthood, and become less obvious throughout
middle age.

What Causes a Personality Disorder?
Some experts believe that events occurring in early childhood exert a powerful influence upon behavior later in life. Others indicate that people are genetically predisposed to personality disorders. In some cases, however, environmental facts may cause a person who is already genetically vulnerable to develop a personality disorder.

  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
    People with antisocial personality disorder characteristically act out their conflicts and
    ignore normal rules of social behavior. These individuals are impulsive, irresponsible, and callous. Typically, the antisocial personality has a history of legal difficulties, belligerent and irresponsible behavior, aggressive and even violent relationships. They show no respect for other people and feel no remorse about the effects of their behavior on others. These people ware at high risk for substance abuse, especially alcoholism, since it helps them to relieve tension, irritability and boredom.
  • Borderline Personality Disorder
    People with borderline personality disorder are unstable in several areas, including interpersonal relationships, behavior, mood, and self-image. Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, an unstable and fluctuating self-image, unpredictable and self-destructive actions characterize the person with borderline personality disorder. These individuals generally have great difficulty with their own sense of identity. They often experience the world in extremes, viewing others as either “all good” or “all bad.” A person with borderline personality may form an intense personal attachment with someone only to quickly dissolve it over a perceived slight.

    Fears of abandonment may lead to an excessive dependency on others. Self-multilation or recurrent suicidal gestures may be used to get attention or manipulate others. Impulsive actions, chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness, and bouts of intense inappropriate anger are other traits of this disorder, which is more common among females.

  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
    People with narcissistic personality have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, are absorbed by fantasies of unlimited success, and seek constant attention. The narcissistic personality is oversensitive to failure and often complains of multiple somatic symptoms.
    Prone to extreme mood swings between self-admiration and insecurity, these people tend to exploit interpersonal relationships

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A person suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder is incredibly egocentric, everything in their lives has to be geared towards them, and they always have to be right. They typically have the following aims:

  1. They are always right, and the Non (other non-BPD person) is always wrong. Their friends reinforce this, because of the faulty perception these friends have of the Non.
  2. By making the Non the bad guy, the person suffering from BPD becomes the victim and will receive sympathy from their friends, boosting their ego, and self belief that they are right.
  3. By controlling the Non's life, the Non is made to believe that they are wrong. With no countering opinion available, even the strongest person will be ground down.
  4. When the Non tries to break this control, a confrontation will erupt. The Non is then accused of being the aggressor and of being the bully. This is used to reinforce the "I'm right, you are wrong" mind set and the external perception that the Non is a bad person.
  5. Confrontations are often staged and managed. The Non is either isolated from supporting witnesses, or the BPD sufferer allows witnesses only when they can control the perception of the witnesses against the Non.

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Often when we're trying to make sense of being in a relationship, or ending one, or recovering from one, with a person who has BPD or its traits, and we ask "why?" the answer is one of the following:

  • Power
  • Control
  • Fear of Abandonment
  • Fear of Engulfment
  • Need to create chaos/conflict
  • ANY or ALL of the above

Why is not important. It truly is not.

What is important is what are we going to do about the situation? How are we going to recover, get healthier, heal, move on.

Too much energy seeking the "why?" will only keep us from focusing on what we need to do for ourselves.

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Deedee’s Rules of Engagement for BPD Land:

Rule #1: If anything is not as the BPD wishes/hopes/dreams, needs/wants/desires, it is always the fault of the Non. If the Non would just (insert behavior, thought or action here), the relationship and their joint lives would be perfect.

Rule #2:If for some miracle, or reason or act of God, it is not the fault of the Non, refer to Rule#1.

Rule #3: Everything in the reality of the Non must be about the person with the disorder.

Rule #4: If by some miracle, it is not about the person with the disorder, s/he must ensure that the entire reality of both experience changes immediately so that it is, once more, all about the person with the disorder.

Rule #5: If at any time the Non figures out the Rules of Engagement for BPD Land, the BPD'er must change the situation, rewrite history, and thereby purchase the Non a one way ticket back to BPD Land.

Rule #6: If Rule #5 fails, the person with the disorder must use a major hoover, promise anything, mirror the Non exactly, seduce the Non, or engage in multiple acts of what ever worked last time to convince the Non that "this time will be different".

Rule #7: If Rule #4&5 fail, the person with the disorder must immediately split the Non bad, and do all in their power to make the Non's life absolute ****, using raging, splitting, distortion campaigns, chaos production, threats and intimidation, stalking, legal actions, and anything else at the disposal of the BPD'er.

Rule #8: Repeat Rules #5 to #7 over and over until the Non is healthy enough to leave BPD Land forever.

-Deedee- a not so famous 21st century recovering Non. Adapted from http://www.bpd411.org

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